Acute mechanisms underlying antibody effects in anti–N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis

Acute Mechanisms Underlying Antibody Effects in Anti–N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

OBJECTIVE A severe but treatable form of immune-mediated encephalitis is associated with antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) against the GluN1 subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Prolonged exposure of hippocampal neurons to antibodies from patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis caused a reversible decrease in the synaptic localization and function of NMDARs. Howev...

Evaluation of the Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis

NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis is a recently described immunotherapy-responsive panencephalitis with characteristic features that include a psychiatric onset and a later movement disorder. This entity was first described as a paraneoplastic phenomenon in young women with ovarian teratomata. However, more recently it has become clear that the majority of patients, pa...

NMDA Receptor Antibody Associated Encephalitis: Unexplained Encephalitis

Introduction N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are glutamate receptors and responsible for controlling memory function and synaptic plasticity. 1 Activation of these receptors requires binding with glutamate or aspartate. These receptors are present in the limbic system, hypothalamus, and forebrain. 2 Binding of antibodies to these receptors lead to their removal from synaptic sites, thus l...

Anti-NMDA-receptor antibody encephalitis in infants

PURPOSE Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibody encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder manifesting subacutely with prominent aberrant movements and psychiatric symptoms. The clinical course is one of progressive clinical deterioration that can be halted and often reversed by early diagnosis and treatment. Patterns of presentation and etiology of anti-NMDA-receptor antibody encephalit...